On the 7th of April 2017, Sheikh Hasina, the Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh touched down in New Delhi to start her 4-day state visit to the Indian Union. This visits come in the wake of deepening ties between the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and the People’s Republic of China. These ties are multi-sectoral and span many issues – from infrastructure development to defence procurement. All relations between two sovereign governments are based on mutual self interest and the Sino-Bangladesh relation is no different. And that is how it should be. The Indian Union’s deep-state strategic doctrine looks upon Bangladesh as part of its geo-strategic sphere of influence. Now the Indian Union can have any doctrine it wants, but what it means on the ground is what truly matters!
Irrespective of what certain lobbies within Bangladesh would like to project, Bangladesh is no Sikkim or even Bhutan. But such alarmism is good for dealing with a large neighbour with whom Bangladesh has a huge negative balance of trade. What matters in this time and age is not absolute political sovereignty in the 19th-century European nation state model, for in times of an ever more integrated world economic order, no entity is absolutely sovereign. What matters is the extent of control that one has over capital, goods and human flows in and out of its territory - as well as the extent to which one’s policy is influenced depending on who one is economically indebted to. Thus sovereignty is a concept that sits on a sliding scale.
Some entities like the US state of California, are way more sovereign in many ways than, say, UN members like Panama. The fundamental markers of sovereignty thus revolve around the following central issue: how much is one entity dependent on externalities to fulfill it needs? And that translates into one issue – how much is one dependent on external capital for one’s needs? Capacity-building through judicious use of the loaned capital ostensibly makes up for the ceding of sovereignty which resulted from taking loans. It is a subtle game.
t is always imperative to assess, in any loan-giving scenario, whether the loan is being taken for the taker’s interests or is being given for the giver’s interests. To arrive at a win-win scenario in such a transaction is a most delicate business. This is precisely where the People’s Republic of China has wooed the People’s Republic of Bangladesh through favourable investment terms during the recent Dhaka visit of China’s Premier Xi Jinping.
The Indian Union cannot match the depth of Chinese pockets by a long shot. Neither has it been able to deliver to Dhaka the one thing that Beijing cannot deliver! That is, a comprehensive water-sharing deal about the river Teesta, which flows from West Bengal to East Bengal, across the Indo-Bangladesh border. For that, Delhi has to get Kolkata on board. To give Dhaka a deal, Delhi has to offer a deal first to Kolkata. This will entail compensation for West Bengal, that stands to lose from a Teesta deal. Till now, Delhi has not promised any such compensation to West Bengal. So, for the foreseeable future, there is no deal. Thus Delhi has to fall back upon clichés like “civilisational and cultural ties”, which really have no place in hard-nosed international relations. Such references to “civilisational and cultural ties” are even more dubious when invoked by the present incumbent Union government in the Indian Union. The government ruling party has time and again used the spectre of the “illegal Bangladeshi” to create a vote bank of unified religious majoritarianism - in a way that no pan-India party in the Indian Union has ever done. When you demonise someone for narrow domestic purposes and shower red carpet love towards the same person for reasons of protocol, propriety and self-interest, it is sort of embarrassing for everyone involved – assuming, of course, that the sense of shame has not been eradicated from one’s psyche.
Delhi is anxious at the recent procurement of two submarines from Beijing by the Bangladesh Navy. These are its first two submarines. Delhi sees this as the growing influence of Beijing in its ‘backyard’. But ‘backyard’ fantasies do not take away the fact that Bangladesh is sovereign. It has dispute-free maritime borders with Myanmar and the Indian Union. Thus, the self-sovereign bigger part of Bengal, in its present political form as the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, is staking its rightful share to the affairs of Bay of Bengal. There can be no dispute about an entity claiming its rightful share. Those who deny an entity its rightful share can do so by projecting their might. The deepening relationship between Dhaka and Beijing means that such power projection might not be possible for Delhi, to the extent that it could have been without a Dhaka-Beijing relationship of the present depth. Thus, Delhi has taken to wooing Dhaka in such ways as it presently can, whilst subtly trying to steer away Dhaka from its newfound friends in Beijing. The fact that China, Bangladesh and Nepal can now imagine joint military exercises shows that the game has changed in this part of South Asia. From an era of committed but hypocritical passive-aggressive monogamy, we are entering a period of polyamory – along with the expected multidirectional flows of insecurity and jealousy.
At the end of the day, let us remember that any relationship based on reality can only be better than one based on delusions. It marks the passage from childhood to adulthood!
Garga Chatterjee is a Kolkata-based commentator on South Asian politics and culture. He received his PhD from Harvard and is a member of faculty at the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. He blogs at hajarduari.wordpress.com
Irrespective of what certain lobbies within Bangladesh would like to project, Bangladesh is no Sikkim or even Bhutan. But such alarmism is good for dealing with a large neighbour with whom Bangladesh has a huge negative balance of trade. What matters in this time and age is not absolute political sovereignty in the 19th-century European nation state model, for in times of an ever more integrated world economic order, no entity is absolutely sovereign. What matters is the extent of control that one has over capital, goods and human flows in and out of its territory - as well as the extent to which one’s policy is influenced depending on who one is economically indebted to. Thus sovereignty is a concept that sits on a sliding scale.
From an era of committed but hypocritical passive-aggressive monogamy, we are entering a period of polyamory
Some entities like the US state of California, are way more sovereign in many ways than, say, UN members like Panama. The fundamental markers of sovereignty thus revolve around the following central issue: how much is one entity dependent on externalities to fulfill it needs? And that translates into one issue – how much is one dependent on external capital for one’s needs? Capacity-building through judicious use of the loaned capital ostensibly makes up for the ceding of sovereignty which resulted from taking loans. It is a subtle game.
t is always imperative to assess, in any loan-giving scenario, whether the loan is being taken for the taker’s interests or is being given for the giver’s interests. To arrive at a win-win scenario in such a transaction is a most delicate business. This is precisely where the People’s Republic of China has wooed the People’s Republic of Bangladesh through favourable investment terms during the recent Dhaka visit of China’s Premier Xi Jinping.
The Indian Union cannot match the depth of Chinese pockets by a long shot. Neither has it been able to deliver to Dhaka the one thing that Beijing cannot deliver! That is, a comprehensive water-sharing deal about the river Teesta, which flows from West Bengal to East Bengal, across the Indo-Bangladesh border. For that, Delhi has to get Kolkata on board. To give Dhaka a deal, Delhi has to offer a deal first to Kolkata. This will entail compensation for West Bengal, that stands to lose from a Teesta deal. Till now, Delhi has not promised any such compensation to West Bengal. So, for the foreseeable future, there is no deal. Thus Delhi has to fall back upon clichés like “civilisational and cultural ties”, which really have no place in hard-nosed international relations. Such references to “civilisational and cultural ties” are even more dubious when invoked by the present incumbent Union government in the Indian Union. The government ruling party has time and again used the spectre of the “illegal Bangladeshi” to create a vote bank of unified religious majoritarianism - in a way that no pan-India party in the Indian Union has ever done. When you demonise someone for narrow domestic purposes and shower red carpet love towards the same person for reasons of protocol, propriety and self-interest, it is sort of embarrassing for everyone involved – assuming, of course, that the sense of shame has not been eradicated from one’s psyche.
Delhi is anxious at the recent procurement of two submarines from Beijing by the Bangladesh Navy. These are its first two submarines. Delhi sees this as the growing influence of Beijing in its ‘backyard’. But ‘backyard’ fantasies do not take away the fact that Bangladesh is sovereign. It has dispute-free maritime borders with Myanmar and the Indian Union. Thus, the self-sovereign bigger part of Bengal, in its present political form as the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, is staking its rightful share to the affairs of Bay of Bengal. There can be no dispute about an entity claiming its rightful share. Those who deny an entity its rightful share can do so by projecting their might. The deepening relationship between Dhaka and Beijing means that such power projection might not be possible for Delhi, to the extent that it could have been without a Dhaka-Beijing relationship of the present depth. Thus, Delhi has taken to wooing Dhaka in such ways as it presently can, whilst subtly trying to steer away Dhaka from its newfound friends in Beijing. The fact that China, Bangladesh and Nepal can now imagine joint military exercises shows that the game has changed in this part of South Asia. From an era of committed but hypocritical passive-aggressive monogamy, we are entering a period of polyamory – along with the expected multidirectional flows of insecurity and jealousy.
At the end of the day, let us remember that any relationship based on reality can only be better than one based on delusions. It marks the passage from childhood to adulthood!
Garga Chatterjee is a Kolkata-based commentator on South Asian politics and culture. He received his PhD from Harvard and is a member of faculty at the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. He blogs at hajarduari.wordpress.com